Why would engineers use a perfect gas formulation to determine flow rate of  saturated steam (inital state) that will pass through an orifice?

Engineers use the perfect gas equation for saturated steam flow because it is so very much more simple than real wet steam solutions, and it is sufficiently accurate (at high steam quality) for 99% of the problems encountered.

Then Sailoday decided to start it all over again in this "Heat Transfer & Vacuum pumps". All of you are saying what I was trying to say in the quote above which is that sizing a restriction orifice does not warrant the same effort as required for a Ph.D. thesis. There is a great deal of difference between practical engineering and theoretical research. Process plants would never get designed if we put that much effort into every facet of a plant design. So I repeat, refineries designed and built by practical engineers in the 1950's are still operating in 2005 and operating well.

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