Over/Under voltage and frequency protection
At our power plant, we want to install the subject protection relay(s) in our 132 KV switchyard. The purpose is to open the 132 KV line breakers in event of under/over voltage and frequency to keep the power plant running in island mode. We have a single busbar scheme and two lines in parallel going to same grid station at remote end.
Should we conenct our new relay using Busbar PT or two relays on transmission line using line PTs.
Please suggest the pros and cons of both.
It would seem to me that when you have a fault that will bring your voltage and frequencies down the bus and line would both see it, but I would tend to agree with stevenal in that you should look to the line PT's when you are going to restore the system.
I didn't understand what sabap means by 'bus overcurrent protection.
Neverthless, to me it appears that this is problem of overcurrent
coordination from line overcurrent relay to the generator overcurrent
relay.
Generators are not normally provided with a simple overcurrent
protection precisely to avoid maloperations such as above, rather
voltage restrained or voltage controlled over current protection is
provided. Sabap may like to check the type of protection existing for
their generator. The setting ensures that the relay doesn't operate with
any speed unless the overcurrent is coupled with drop in generator
terminal voltage (signalling the fault is close to generator terminals).
Distance
protection in lines should operate for faults in the line irrespective
of the load carried by the line. The relay setting is in terms of line
impedance and the relay operation is not affected by the magnitude of
current in the line (generally speaking).
You might also want to think about a valve that can dump some of the
live steam from the steam generator to to condenser as well as a high
speed throttle that slams shut and then very quickly cracks open enough
to supply the off grid needs of your main turbine. If you are a nuclear
plant both devices would help avoiding having to scram the reactor.
You
might also want to consider an auxiliary steam turbine to operate the
plant auxiliaries off grid during demanding conditions such as peak
periods or lightning storms. An alternate wise investment would be a gas
turbine generator for the same purpose and for black starting the
plant.
You might also want to think about extra hydraulic
accumulators for the turbine governor and extra direct current battery
supported hydraulic pumps for the governor. Also some extra battery
supported pumps for lubrication with hydraulic accumulators to supply
oil while the extra lubrication pumps are starting. The system
disturbances on 14 August 2003 caused a lot of turbine governors to run
out of hydraulic pressure which tripped off the boiler or scrammed the
reactor. Fossil fuel and nuclear plants were equally affected by loss of hydraulic pressure as the governors tried to keep up with swings in frequency.